How to determine file system type reliably under Linux?

I want to be able to run a command which would print what exactly FAT version/subtype is a partition formatted in (FAT12/FAT16/FAT32/VFAT/exFAT)

Some guys suggests following command

# stat -f -c %T /boot/efi
msdos

or

# df -T | grep boot
/dev/sda2      vfat        262144     67916    194228  26% /boot/efi

here is what stat prints for exFAT

# stat -f -c %T /media/a1ex/7B57-DCAA/
fuseblk

These outputs look confusing, don’t they?